--- title: Nahum 2:14 (JPS 1917) — Behold, I am against thee, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will burn… · tree and pragmatics description: Behold, I am against thee, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will burn her chariots in the smoke, and the sword shall devour thy young lions; and I will cut off thy prey from the earth, and the voice of thy messengers shall no more be heard. Who acts: I, LORD, sword. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, LORD, sword), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NAM:32 # text = Behold, I am against thee, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will burn her chariots in the smoke, and the sword shall devour thy young lions; and I will cut off thy prey from the earth, and the voice of thy messengers shall no more be heard. 1 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 6 discourse _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 4 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 against against ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 0 root _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 hosts host NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 15 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 burn burn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 18 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 chariots chariot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 27 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 devour devour VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 29 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 31 nmod:poss _ _ 30 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 34 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 35 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 cut cut VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 37 off off ADP RP _ 36 compound:prt _ _ 38 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 39 nmod:poss _ _ 39 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 40 from from ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 nsubj:pass _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 messengers messenger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nmod _ _ 50 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 54 aux _ _ 51 no no ADV RB _ 52 advmod _ _ 52 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 54 advmod _ _ 53 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 54 aux:pass _ _ 54 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 conj _ _ 55 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | I | | | | | against thee | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD of hosts | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **burn** | future | I | end's chariots | | the smoke | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent chariot=Theme | | 4 | **devour** | shall | the sword | thy young lions | | | | | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient | | 5 | **cut off** | future | I | thy prey | | the earth | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme from earth=Initial\_Location | | 6 | **hear** | shall · passive | | the voice of thy messengers | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} הִנְנִ֣י אֵלַ֗יִךְ נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְהִבְעַרְתִּ֤י בֶֽעָשָׁן֙ רִכְבָּ֔הּ וּכְפִירַ֖יִךְ תֹּ֣אכַל חָ֑רֶב וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י מֵאֶ֙רֶץ֙ טַרְפֵּ֔ךְ וְלֹֽא־יִשָּׁמַ֥ע ע֖וֹד ק֥וֹל מַלְאָכֵֽכֵה׃ס [Nahum 2:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.14/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:32` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Nahum 2:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.31/) - next →: [Nahum 3:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.33/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 2:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.14/)