---
title: Nahum 3:1 (JPS 1917) — Woe to the bloody city! · tree and pragmatics
description: Woe to the bloody city! Nahum 3:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nahum 3:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Woe to the bloody city!

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This is Nahum 3:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NAM:33
# text = Woe to the bloody city!
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bloody	bloody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: fragment
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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ה֖וֹי עִ֣יר דָּמִ֑ים כֻּלָּ֗הּ כַּ֤חַשׁ פֶּ֙רֶק֙ מְלֵאָ֔ה לֹ֥א יָמִ֖ישׁ טָֽרֶף׃

[Nahum 3:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.1/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Woe to the bloody city!**
2. [It is all full of lies and rapine; the prey departeth not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.34/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:33` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Nahum 2:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.32/)
- next →: [Nahum 3:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.34/)
- ↑ back to [Nahum 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.1/)