---
title: Nahum 3:3 (JPS 1917) — The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering sp… · tree and pragmatics
description: The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a multitude of slain, and a heap of carcases; and there is no end of the corpses, and they stumble upon their corpses; Who acts: end, corpses. Nahum 3:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Nahum 3:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a multitude of slain, and a heap of carcases; and there is no end of the corpses, and they stumble upon their corpses;

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**Who acts:** end, corpses · **What happens:** be, stumble · **To what, where:** corpses

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This is Nahum 3:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (end, corpses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NAM:36
# text = The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a multitude of slain, and a heap of carcases; and there is no end of the corpses, and they stumble upon their corpses;
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	charging	charging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	flashing	flash	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	glittering	glitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	slain	slain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	nmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	carcases	carcase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	29	expl	_	_
29	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
30	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	31	det	_	_
31	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	corpses	corpse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	stumble	stumble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
39	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	corpses	corpse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
42	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no end of the corpses |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stumble** | present | corpses *= corpse* |  |  | corpses's corpses |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon corpse=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
פָּרָ֣שׁ מַעֲלֶ֗ה וְלַ֤הַב חֶ֙רֶב֙ וּבְרַ֣ק חֲנִ֔ית וְרֹ֥ב חָלָ֖ל וְכֹ֣בֶד פָּ֑גֶר וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֙צֶה֙ לַגְּוִיָּ֔ה וְכָשְׁל֖וּ בִּגְוִיָּתָֽם׃

[Nahum 3:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:36` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Nahum 3:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.35/)
- next →: [Nahum 3:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.37/)
- ↑ back to [Nahum 3:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.3/)