---
title: Nahum 3:7 (JPS 1917) — And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall f… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say: 'Nineveh is laid waste; who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee?' Who acts: dung, all, I. Nahum 3:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nahum 3:7 · JPS 1917

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And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say: 'Nineveh is laid waste; who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee?'

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**Who acts:** dung, all, I · **What happens:** come, pass, look, flee, say, lay · **To what, where:** thee, Nineveh, comforters · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Nahum 3:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dung, all, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NAM:40
# text = And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say: 'Nineveh is laid waste; who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
9	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	16	nsubj	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	obl	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	_
24	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	ccomp	_	_
27	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	xcomp	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
29	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	31	nsubj	_	_
30	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	bemoan	bemoan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	parataxis	_	_
32	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
34	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	37	advmod	_	_
35	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	parataxis	_	_
38	comforters	comforter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	_
39	for	for	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	37	obl	_	_
41	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | shall | dung |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | dung *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **look** | present |  |  |  |  |  | upon thee | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon thou=Theme |
| 4 | **flee** | shall | all |  |  | thee |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from thou=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | all *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **lay** | present · passive |  | Nineveh |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 7 | **bemoan** | future |  | Nineveh |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **seek** | shall | I | comforters |  |  |  | for thee; whence *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent comforter=Location for thou=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהָיָ֤ה כָל־רֹאַ֙יִךְ֙ יִדּ֣וֹד מִמֵּ֔ךְ וְאָמַר֙ שָׁדְּדָ֣ה נִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑הּ מֵאַ֛יִן אֲבַקֵּ֥שׁ מְנַחֲמִ֖ים לָֽךְ׃

[Nahum 3:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:40` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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