---
title: Nahum 3:9 (JPS 1917) — Ethiopia and Egypt were thy strength, and it was infinite; Put and L… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ethiopia and Egypt were thy strength, and it was infinite; Put and Lubim were thy helpers. Who acts: Ethiopia, rampart, Put. Nahum 3:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nahum 3:9 · JPS 1917

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Ethiopia and Egypt were thy strength, and it was infinite; Put and Lubim were thy helpers.

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**Who acts:** Ethiopia, rampart, Put · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** strength, helpers

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This is Nahum 3:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ethiopia, rampart, Put), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NAM:42
# text = Ethiopia and Egypt were thy strength, and it was infinite; Put and Lubim were thy helpers.
1	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	infinite	infinite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Put	put	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Lubim	Lubim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	helpers	helper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Ethiopia and Egypt | thy strength and thy helpers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | rampart |  |  |  |  | infinite *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Put and Lubim | thy helpers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כּ֥וּשׁ עָצְמָ֛ה וּמִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֵ֣ין קֵ֑צֶה פּ֣וּט וְלוּבִ֔ים הָי֖וּ בְּעֶזְרָתֵֽךְ׃

[Nahum 3:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:42` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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