---
title: Nahum 3:13 (JPS 1917) — Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women; the gates of thy… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women; the gates of thy land are set wide open unto thine enemies; the fire hath devoured thy bars. Who acts: people, fire. Nahum 3:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Nahum 3:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women; the gates of thy land are set wide open unto thine enemies; the fire hath devoured thy bars.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, fire · **What happens:** be, set, devour · **To what, where:** women, gates, bars

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This is Nahum 3:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NAM:46
# text = Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women; the gates of thy land are set wide open unto thine enemies; the fire hath devoured thy bars.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	parataxis	_	_
20	wide	wide	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
22	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
28	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	devoured	devour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	parataxis	_	_
30	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | thy people in the midst of thee | women |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **set** | present · passive |  | the gates of thy land |  |  |  | unto thine enemies; open *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 3 | **devour** | present · perfect | the fire | thy bars |  |  |  |  | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bar=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנֵּ֨ה עַמֵּ֤ךְ נָשִׁים֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔ךְ לְאֹ֣יְבַ֔יִךְ פָּת֥וֹחַ נִפְתְּח֖וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֣י אַרְצֵ֑ךְ אָכְלָ֥ה אֵ֖שׁ בְּרִיחָֽיִך׃

[Nahum 3:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NAM:46` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Nahum 3:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.45/)
- next →: [Nahum 3:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.47/)
- ↑ back to [Nahum 3:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.13/)