--- title: Obadiah 1:1 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom: We have heard a message fro… · tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom: We have heard a message from the LORD, and an ambassador is sent among the nations: 'Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle.' Who acts: Lord GOD, We, ye, us. Obadiah 1:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/OBA.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Obadiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/OBA/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/OBA/1/) / [1:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/OBA.1.1/) / JPS 2 # Obadiah 1:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom: We have heard a message from the LORD, and an ambassador is sent among the nations: 'Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle.' **Who acts:** Lord GOD, We, ye, us · **What happens:** say, hear, send, arise, let, rise up · **To what, where:** message, ambassador, us, battle · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Obadiah 1:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord GOD, We, ye, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:OBA:1 # text = Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom: We have heard a message from the LORD, and an ambassador is sent among the nations: 'Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle.' 1 Thus thus ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 GOD GOD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 6 concerning concerning ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Edom Edom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 9 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 10 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 parataxis _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 message message NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 from from ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 19 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 ambassador ambassador NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj:pass _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 sent send VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 conj _ _ 23 among among ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 26 : : PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 27 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ _ 28 Arise arise VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 29 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 28 nsubj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 33 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 rise rise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 xcomp _ _ 35 up up ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ _ 36 against against ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ _ 38 in in ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 battle battle NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ 41 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD | | | | | concerning Edom; thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **hear** | present · perfect | We | a message | | | | from the LORD | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent message=Topic from lord=Source | | 3 | **send** | present · passive | | a ambassador | | | | among the nations | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 4 | **arise** | infinitive | ye | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **let** | infinitive | ye *not said here* | us | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **rise up** | infinitive | us *not said here* | | | battle | | against Edom | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against she=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} חֲז֖וֹן עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה לֶאֱד֗וֹם שְׁמוּעָ֨ה שָׁמַ֜עְנוּ מֵאֵ֤ת יְהוָה֙ וְצִיר֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם שֻׁלָּ֔ח ק֛וּמוּ וְנָק֥וּמָה עָלֶיהָלַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ [Obadiah 1:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/OBA.1.1/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. [THE VISION of Obadiah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/OBA.0/) 2. **Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom: We have heard a message from the LORD, and an ambassador is sent among the nations: 'Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle.'** **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:OBA:1` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Obadiah 1:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/OBA.0/) - next →: [Obadiah 1:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/OBA.2/) - ↑ back to [Obadiah 1:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/OBA.1.1/)