---
title: Zechariah 1:12 (JPS 1917) — Then the angel of the LORD spoke and said: 'O LORD of hosts, how lon… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the angel of the LORD spoke and said: 'O LORD of hosts, how long wilt Thou not have compassion on Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which Thou hast had indignation these threescore and ten years? Who acts: angel, Thou. Zechariah 1:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Zechariah 1:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the angel of the LORD spoke and said: 'O LORD of hosts, how long wilt Thou not have compassion on Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which Thou hast had indignation these threescore and ten years?

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**Who acts:** angel, Thou · **What happens:** speak, say, not have, have · **To what, where:** compassion, Jerusalem, indignation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Zechariah 1:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (angel, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEC:11
# text = Then the angel of the LORD spoke and said: 'O LORD of hosts, how long wilt Thou not have compassion on Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which Thou hast had indignation these threescore and ten years?
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	_
12	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	13	discourse	_	_
13	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	vocative	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
18	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	22	advmod	_	_
19	wilt	will	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
20	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
23	compassion	compassion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	against	against	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	obl	_	_
35	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	37	nsubj	_	_
36	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	acl:relcl	_	_
38	indignation	indignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
39	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	43	det	_	_
40	threescore	threescore	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	40	conj	_	_
43	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl:unmarked	_	_
44	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the angel of the LORD |  |  |  | then |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the angel of the LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **have** | future | Thou | compassion and the cities of Judah |  | Jerusalem |  | LORD of hosts *vocative*; long *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent compassion=Patient |
| 4 | **have** | present · perfect | Thou | indignation |  |  | year | against Jerusalem | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent indignation=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֣עַן מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָה֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עַד־מָתַ֗י אַתָּה֙ לֹֽא־תְרַחֵ֣ם אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר זָעַ֔מְתָּה זֶ֖ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃

[Zechariah 1:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:11` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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