--- title: Zechariah 8:10 (JPS 1917) — For before those days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for be… · tree and pragmatics description: For before those days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; neither was there any peace to him that went out or came in because of the adversary; for I set all men every one against his neighbour. Who acts: hire, peace, I. Zechariah 8:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.110/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zechariah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/8/) / [8:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.8.10/) / JPS 1 # Zechariah 8:10 · JPS 1917 For before those days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; neither was there any peace to him that went out or came in because of the adversary; for I set all men every one against his neighbour. **Who acts:** hire, peace, I · **What happens:** be, go out, come in, set · **To what, where:** men, neighbour This is Zechariah 8:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hire, peace, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ZEC:110 # text = For before those days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; neither was there any peace to him that went out or came in because of the adversary; for I set all men every one against his neighbour. 1 For for ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 before before ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 4 det _ _ 4 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 5 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 6 expl _ _ 6 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 8 det _ _ 8 hire hire NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 9 for for ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 14 cc _ _ 13 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 14 det _ _ 14 hire hire NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 15 for for ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 18 neither neither CCONJ DT _ 19 cc _ _ 19 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 20 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 19 expl _ _ 21 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 22 det _ _ 22 peace peace NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod _ _ 25 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 26 nsubj _ _ 26 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 27 out out ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 or or CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 30 in in ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 34 case _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 31 fixed _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 adversary adversary NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 36 for for SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 37 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 set set VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 39 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 40 det _ _ 40 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obj _ _ 41 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 42 det _ _ 42 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl:unmarked _ _ 43 against against ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 45 neighbour neighbour NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | no hire for man nor any hire for beast | | | there | day | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **be** | past | any peace to LORD | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **go out** | past | any peace to LORD | | | | | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **come in** | past | any peace to LORD *not said here* | | | | | because the adversary | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **set** | past | I | all men | | LORD's neighbour | | every one *obl:unmarked* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent man=Theme against neighbour=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כִּ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ הַיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם שְׂכַ֤ר הָֽאָדָם֙ לֹ֣א נִֽהְיָ֔ה וּשְׂכַ֥ר הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֵינֶ֑נָּה וְלַיּוֹצֵ֨א וְלַבָּ֤א אֵין־שָׁלוֹם֙ מִן־הַצָּ֔ר וַאֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ [Zechariah 8:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.8.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:110` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Zechariah 8:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.109/) - next →: [Zechariah 8:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.111/) - ↑ back to [Zechariah 8:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.8.10/)