---
title: Zechariah 10:2 (JPS 1917) — For the teraphim have spoken vanity, and the diviners have seen a li… · tree and pragmatics
description: For the teraphim have spoken vanity, and the diviners have seen a lie, and the dreams speak falsely, they comfort in vain; therefore they go their way like sheep, they are afflicted, because there is no shepherd. Who acts: teraphim, diviners, dreams, shepherd. Zechariah 10:2 in JPS 1917 with its dep
---

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# Zechariah 10:2 · JPS 1917

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For the teraphim have spoken vanity, and the diviners have seen a lie, and the dreams speak falsely, they comfort in vain; therefore they go their way like sheep, they are afflicted, because there is no shepherd.

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**Who acts:** teraphim, diviners, dreams, shepherd · **What happens:** speak, see, comfort, go, afflict, be · **To what, where:** vanity, lie, vain, way, diviners · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Zechariah 10:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teraphim, diviners, dreams, shepherd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEC:144
# text = For the teraphim have spoken vanity, and the diviners have seen a lie, and the dreams speak falsely, they comfort in vain; therefore they go their way like sheep, they are afflicted, because there is no shepherd.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teraphim	teraphim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	vanity	vanity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	diviners	diviner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	dreams	dream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
20	falsely	falsely	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	comfort	comfort	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	obl	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
27	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	like	like	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	parataxis	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
40	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	41	expl	_	_
41	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	advcl	_	_
42	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	43	det	_	_
43	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | the teraphim | vanity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | present · perfect | the diviners | a lie |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lie=Stimulus |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | the dreams |  |  |  |  | falsely *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **comfort** | present | dreams *= dream* |  |  | vain |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **go** | present | dreams *= dream* | dreams's way |  |  |  | like sheep; therefore *property* | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |
| 6 | **afflict** | present · passive |  | diviners *= diviner* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 7 | **be** | present | no shepherd |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֧י הַתְּרָפִ֣ים דִּבְּרוּ־אָ֗וֶן וְהַקּֽוֹסְמִים֙ חָ֣זוּ שֶׁ֔קֶר וַֽחֲלֹמוֹת֙ הַשָּׁ֣ואיְדַבֵּ֔רוּ הֶ֖בֶל יְנַֽחֵמ֑וּן עַל־כֵּן֙ נָסְע֣וּ כְמוֹ־צֹ֔אן יַעֲנ֖וּ כִּֽי־אֵ֥ין רֹעֶֽה׃פ

[Zechariah 10:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.10.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:144` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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