---
title: Zechariah 11:2 (JPS 1917) — Wail, O cypress-tree, for the cedar is fallen; because the glorious… · tree and pragmatics
description: Wail, O cypress-tree, for the cedar is fallen; because the glorious ones are spoiled; wail, O ye oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest is come down. Who acts: you, strong forest. Zechariah 11:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Zechariah 11:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wail, O cypress-tree, for the cedar is fallen; because the glorious ones are spoiled; wail, O ye oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest is come down.

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**Who acts:** you, strong forest · **What happens:** wail, fall, spoil, come down · **To what, where:** cedar, glorious ones

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This is Zechariah 11:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, strong forest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEC:156
# text = Wail, O cypress-tree, for the cedar is fallen; because the glorious ones are spoiled; wail, O ye oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest is come down.
1	Wail	wail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
4	cypress	cypress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	vocative	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cedar	cedar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	glorious	glorious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	spoiled	spoil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
21	wail	wail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	25	discourse	_	_
24	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	vocative	_	_
25	oaks	oak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	vocative	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Bashan	Bashan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
29	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
35	down	down	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=other, polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wail** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cypress tree *vocative* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fall** | present · passive |  | the cedar |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 3 | **spoil** | present · passive |  | the glorious ones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **wail** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | ye *vocative*; oaks of Bashan *vocative* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **come down** | present · passive | the strong forest |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הֵילֵ֤ל בְּרוֹשׁ֙ כִּֽי־נָ֣פַל אֶ֔רֶז אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַדִּרִ֖ים שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ אַלּוֹנֵ֣י בָשָׁ֔ן כִּ֥י יָרַ֖ד יַ֥עַר הַבָּצִֽיר׃

[Zechariah 11:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.11.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:156` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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