---
title: Zechariah 12:1 (JPS 1917) — The saying of the LORD, who stretched forth the heavens, and laid th… · tree and pragmatics
description: The saying of the LORD, who stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundation of the earth, and formed the spirit of man within him: Who acts: LORD. Zechariah 12:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Zechariah 12:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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The saying of the LORD, who stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundation of the earth, and formed the spirit of man within him:

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**Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** stretch, lay, form, say · **To what, where:** heavens, foundation, spirit, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Zechariah 12:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEC:175
# text = The saying of the LORD, who stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundation of the earth, and formed the spirit of man within him:
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	saying	saying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	within	within	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | past | the LORD | the heavens |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heaven=Patient |
| 2 | **lay** | past | the LORD *not said here* | the foundation of the earth |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foundation=Result |
| 3 | **form** | past | the LORD *not said here* | the spirit of man |  |  |  | within man | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location spirit=Theme |
| 4 | **say** |  |  | the LORD |  |  |  |  | nom saying «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה נֹטֶ֤ה שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְיֹסֵ֣ד אָ֔רֶץ וְיֹצֵ֥ר רֽוּחַ־אָדָ֖ם בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃פ

[Zechariah 12:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.12.1/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [The burden of the word of the LORD concerning Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.174/)
2. **The saying of the LORD, who stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundation of the earth, and formed the spirit of man within him:**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:175` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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