---
title: Zechariah 2:2 (JPS 1917) — And I said unto the angel that spoke with me: 'What are these?' And… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I said unto the angel that spoke with me: 'What are these?' And he said unto me: 'These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.' Who acts: I, angel, These, horns. Zechariah 2:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Zechariah 2:2 · JPS 1917

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And I said unto the angel that spoke with me: 'What are these?' And he said unto me: 'These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.'

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**Who acts:** I, angel, These, horns · **What happens:** say, speak, be, scatter · **To what, where:** horns, Judah · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Zechariah 2:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, angel, These, horns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEC:18
# text = And I said unto the angel that spoke with me: 'What are these?' And he said unto me: 'These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
13	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
15	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	ccomp	_	_
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
18	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
24	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	_
25	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	28	nsubj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	ccomp	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
30	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	acl:relcl	_	_
32	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
39	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=q, act=ask

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | I |  |  |  |  | unto the angel | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the angel |  |  |  |  | with me | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with i=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | angel |  |  |  |  | unto me | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | These | the horns |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **scatter** | present · perfect | the horns |  | Judah and Israel and Jerusalem |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent judah=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וָאֹמַ֗ר אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֥ר בִּ֖י מָה־אֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י אֵ֤לֶּה הַקְּרָנוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר זֵר֣וּ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִירוּשָׁלָֽם׃

[Zechariah 2:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.2.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:18` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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