---
title: Zechariah 12:10 (JPS 1917) — And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that i
---

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# Zechariah 12:10 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born.

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**Who acts:** I, inhabitants, one · **What happens:** pour, look, thrust through, mourn, be · **To what, where:** spirit, David, bitterness

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This is Zechariah 12:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, inhabitants, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEC:184
# text = And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	pour	pour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	grace	grace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	supplication	supplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
30	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	obl	_	_
32	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
33	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
34	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	thrust	thrust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
36	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	through	through	ADP	RP	_	35	compound:prt	_	_
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
40	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
41	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	mourn	mourn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
43	for	for	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obl	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
46	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
47	one	one	PRON	NN	Number=Sing	48	nsubj	_	_
48	mourneth	mourn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	advcl	_	_
49	for	for	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
50	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	52	nmod:poss	_	_
51	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
55	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
56	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	cop	_	_
57	in	in	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	bitterness	bitterness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	_
59	for	for	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
60	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	obl	_	_
61	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
62	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	63	case	_	_
63	one	one	PRON	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
64	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	67	nsubj	_	_
65	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	67	cop	_	_
66	in	in	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
67	bitterness	bitterness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	acl:relcl	_	_
68	for	for	ADP	IN	_	72	case	_	_
69	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	72	nmod:poss	_	_
70	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	72	amod	_	_
71	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	70	punct	_	_
72	born	born	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	67	obl	_	_
73	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | future | I | the spirit of grace and supplication |  |  |  | upon the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spirit=Patient |
| 2 | **look** | shall | inhabitants *= inhabitant* |  |  |  |  | unto Me | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **thrust through** | present · perfect | inhabitants *= inhabitant* | David |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 4 | **mourn** | shall | inhabitants *= inhabitant* |  |  |  |  | for David | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for he=Attribute |
| 5 | **mourn** | present | one |  |  |  |  | for David's only son | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for son=Attribute |
| 6 | **is** | shall | inhabitants *= inhabitant* *not said here* |  |  | bitterness |  | for David; as one | tree rules |
| 7 | **is** | present |  |  |  | bitterness |  | for David's first born | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְשָׁפַכְתִּי֩ עַל־בֵּ֨ית דָּוִ֜יד וְעַ֣ל ׀ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם ר֤וּחַ חֵן֙ וְתַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔ים וְהִבִּ֥יטוּ אֵלַ֖י אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־דָּקָ֑רוּ וְסָפְד֣וּ עָלָ֗יו כְּמִסְפֵּד֙ עַל־הַיָּחִ֔יד וְהָמֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו כְּהָמֵ֥ר עַֽל־הַבְּכֽוֹר׃

[Zechariah 12:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.12.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:184` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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