--- title: Zechariah 1:3 (JPS 1917) — Therefore say thou unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Return u… · tree and pragmatics description: Therefore say thou unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Return unto Me, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will return unto you, saith the LORD of hosts. Who acts: thou, LORD, I. Zechariah 1:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zechariah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/1/) / [1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.3/) / JPS 1 # Zechariah 1:3 · JPS 1917 Therefore say thou unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Return unto Me, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will return unto you, saith the LORD of hosts. **Who acts:** thou, LORD, I · **What happens:** say, return · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Zechariah 1:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, LORD, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ZEC:2 # text = Therefore say thou unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Return unto Me, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will return unto you, saith the LORD of hosts. 1 Therefore therefore ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 say say VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 2 nsubj _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 Thus thus ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 hosts host NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 14 Return return VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 8 ccomp _ _ 15 unto unto ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 Me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 hosts host NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 26 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 return return VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 conj _ _ 28 unto unto ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 hosts host NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | thou | | | | | unto fathers *= father*; therefore *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD of hosts | | | | | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **return** | infinitive | | | | | | unto Me | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD of hosts | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **return** | future | I | | | | | unto you | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD of hosts | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֗ם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת שׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלַ֔י נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְאָשׁ֣וּב אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ [Zechariah 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:2` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Zechariah 1:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.1/) - next →: [Zechariah 1:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.3/) - ↑ back to [Zechariah 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.3/)