---
title: Zechariah 4:12 (JPS 1917) — And I answered the second time, and said unto him: 'What are these t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I answered the second time, and said unto him: 'What are these two olive branches, which are beside the two golden spouts, that empty the golden oil out of themselves?' Who acts: I, two olive branches, two golden spouts. Zechariah 4:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Zechariah 4:12 · JPS 1917

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And I answered the second time, and said unto him: 'What are these two olive branches, which are beside the two golden spouts, that empty the golden oil out of themselves?'

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**Who acts:** I, two olive branches, two golden spouts · **What happens:** answer, say, be, empty · **To what, where:** two olive branches, two golden spouts, golden oil · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Zechariah 4:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, two olive branches, two golden spouts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEC:55
# text = And I answered the second time, and said unto him: 'What are these two olive branches, which are beside the two golden spouts, that empty the golden oil out of themselves?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
14	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	19	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
16	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
17	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
18	olive	olive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	ccomp	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
23	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
26	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	spouts	spout	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	acl:relcl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	empty	empty	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
34	out	out	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	30	obl	_	_
37	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
38	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | I |  |  |  | time |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto lord | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | this two olive branches |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | this two olive branches |  |  | the two golden spouts |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **empty** | present | the two golden spouts | the golden oil |  |  |  | out spouts *= spout* | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent oil=Theme out themselves=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וָאַ֣עַן שֵׁנִ֔ית וָאֹמַ֖ר אֵלָ֑יו מַה־שְׁתֵּ֞י שִׁבֲּלֵ֣י הַזֵּיתִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּיַ֗ד שְׁנֵי֙ צַנְתְּר֣וֹת הַזָּהָ֔ב הַֽמְרִיקִ֥ים מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַזָּהָֽב׃

[Zechariah 4:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.4.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:55` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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