---
title: Zechariah 1:8 (JPS 1917) — I saw in the night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he… · tree and pragmatics
description: I saw in the night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle-trees that were in the bottom; and behind him there were horses, red, sorrel, and white. Who acts: I, man, word, myrtle trees. Zechariah 1:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Zechariah 1:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I saw in the night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle-trees that were in the bottom; and behind him there were horses, red, sorrel, and white.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, man, word, myrtle trees · **What happens:** see, behold, ride, stand, be · **To what, where:** man, myrtle trees, bottom

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Zechariah 1:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, man, word, myrtle trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEC:7
# text = I saw in the night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle-trees that were in the bottom; and behind him there were horses, red, sorrel, and white.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	behold	behold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	riding	ride	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	acl	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
20	among	among	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	myrtle	myrtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	_
24	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	acl:relcl	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obl	_	_
34	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	35	expl	_	_
35	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
36	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
38	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
40	sorrel	sorrel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	conj	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	conj	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | I |  |  |  | night |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **behold** | infinitive | I *not said here* | a man |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 3 | **ride** | gerund | a man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon a red horse | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stand** | past | word |  |  | the myrtle trees |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent among tree=Location |
| 5 | **is** | past | the myrtle trees |  |  | the bottom |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
רָאִ֣יתִי ׀ הַלַּ֗יְלָה וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ רֹכֵב֙ עַל־ס֣וּס אָדֹ֔ם וְה֣וּא עֹמֵ֔ד בֵּ֥ין הַהֲדַסִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמְּצֻלָ֑ה וְאַחֲרָיו֙ סוּסִ֣ים אֲדֻמִּ֔ים שְׂרֻקִּ֖ים וּלְבָנִֽים׃

[Zechariah 1:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:7` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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