---
title: Zechariah 7:10 (JPS 1917) — and oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the… · tree and pragmatics
description: and oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you devise evil against his brother in your heart. Who acts: you, none. Zechariah 7:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Zechariah 7:10 · JPS 1917

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and oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you devise evil against his brother in your heart.

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**Who acts:** you, none · **What happens:** not oppress, let, devise · **To what, where:** widow, none, evil, heart

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This is Zechariah 7:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEC:95
# text = and oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you devise evil against his brother in your heart.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	oppress	oppress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fatherless	fatherless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
20	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	19	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nmod	_	_
23	devise	devise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
24	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	against	against	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **oppress** | imperative | you *not said here* | the widow nor the fatherless and the stranger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | none |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **devise** | infinitive | none *not said here* | evil |  | your heart |  | against LORD's brother | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evil=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאַלְמָנָ֧ה וְיָת֛וֹם גֵּ֥ר וְעָנִ֖י אַֽל־תַּעֲשֹׁ֑קוּ וְרָעַת֙ אִ֣ישׁ אָחִ֔יו אַֽל־תַּחְשְׁב֖וּ בִּלְבַבְכֶֽם׃

[Zechariah 7:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.7.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEC:95` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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