---
title: Zephaniah 1:16 (JPS 1917) — A day of the horn and alarm, against the fortified cities, and again… · tree and pragmatics
description: A day of the horn and alarm, against the fortified cities, and against the high towers. Zephaniah 1:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Zephaniah 1:16 · JPS 1917

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A day of the horn and alarm, against the fortified cities, and against the high towers.

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This is Zephaniah 1:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEP:15
# text = A day of the horn and alarm, against the fortified cities, and against the high towers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	fortified	fortify	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	against	against	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	towers	tower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=evaluate

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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י֥וֹם שׁוֹפָ֖ר וּתְרוּעָ֑ה עַ֚ל הֶעָרִ֣ים הַבְּצֻר֔וֹת וְעַ֖ל הַפִּנּ֥וֹת הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃

[Zephaniah 1:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.1.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEP:15` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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