--- title: Zephaniah 1:3 (JPS 1917) — I will consume man and beast, I will consume the fowls of the heaven… · tree and pragmatics description: I will consume man and beast, I will consume the fowls of the heaven, and the fishes of the sea, and the stumblingblocks with the wicked; and I will cut off man from off the face of the earth, saith the LORD. Who acts: I, LORD. Zephaniah 1:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zephaniah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/1/) / [1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.1.3/) / JPS 1 # Zephaniah 1:3 · JPS 1917 I will consume man and beast, I will consume the fowls of the heaven, and the fishes of the sea, and the stumblingblocks with the wicked; and I will cut off man from off the face of the earth, saith the LORD. **Who acts:** I, LORD · **What happens:** consume, cut off, say · **To what, where:** man, fowls, face · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Zephaniah 1:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ZEP:2 # text = I will consume man and beast, I will consume the fowls of the heaven, and the fishes of the sea, and the stumblingblocks with the wicked; and I will cut off man from off the face of the earth, saith the LORD. 1 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 consume consume VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 4 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 9 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 consume consume VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 fowls fowl NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 heaven heaven NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 fishes fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 stumblingblocks stumblingblock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 27 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 wicked wicked NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 32 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 33 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 cut cut VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 35 off off ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ _ 36 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 from from ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 off off ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 45 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 parataxis _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: none - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **consume** | future | I | man and beast | | | | | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Asset | | 2 | **consume** | future | I | the fowls of the heaven and the fishes of the sea and the stumblingblocks with the wicked | | | | | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fowl=Asset | | 3 | **cut off** | future | I | man | | the face of the earth | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent man=Theme from face=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} אָסֵ֨ף אָדָ֜ם וּבְהֵמָ֗ה אָסֵ֤ף עוֹף־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּדְגֵ֣י הַיָּ֔ם וְהַמַּכְשֵׁל֖וֹת אֶת־הָרְשָׁעִ֑ים וְהִכְרַתִּ֣י אֶת־הָאָדָ֗ם מֵעַ֛ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ [Zephaniah 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.1.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEP:2` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Zephaniah 1:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.1/) - next →: [Zephaniah 1:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.3/) - ↑ back to [Zephaniah 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.1.3/)