--- title: Zephaniah 2:4 (JPS 1917) — For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation; they shall dr… · tree and pragmatics description: For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation; they shall drive out Ashdod at the noonday, and Ekron shall be rooted up. Who acts: Ashkelon, they. Zephaniah 2:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zephaniah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/2/) / [2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.4/) / JPS 1 # Zephaniah 2:4 · JPS 1917 For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation; they shall drive out Ashdod at the noonday, and Ekron shall be rooted up. **Who acts:** Ashkelon, they · **What happens:** forsake, desolation, drive out, root up · **To what, where:** Gaza, Ashdod, noonday, Ekron This is Zephaniah 2:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ashkelon, they), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ZEP:22 # text = For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation; they shall drive out Ashdod at the noonday, and Ekron shall be rooted up. 1 For for SCONJ IN _ 5 mark _ _ 2 Gaza Gaza PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 forsaken forsake VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 Ashkelon Ashkelon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 desolation desolation NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 drive drive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 15 out out ADP RP _ 14 compound:prt _ _ 16 Ashdod Ashdod PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 at at ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 noonday noonday NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 22 Ekron Ekron PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 24 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 rooted root VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 26 up up ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **forsake** | shall · passive | | Gaza | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **desolation** | | Ashkelon | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **drive out** | shall | they | Ashdod | | the noonday | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ashdod=Theme at noonday=Destination | | 4 | **root up** | shall · passive | | Ekron | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כִּ֤י עַזָּה֙ עֲזוּבָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וְאַשְׁקְל֖וֹן לִשְׁמָמָ֑ה אַשְׁדּ֗וֹד בַּֽצָּהֳרַ֙יִם֙ יְגָ֣רְשׁ֔וּהָ וְעֶקְר֖וֹן תֵּעָקֵֽר׃ס [Zephaniah 2:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEP:22` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Zephaniah 2:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.21/) - next →: [Zephaniah 2:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.23/) - ↑ back to [Zephaniah 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.4/)