---
title: Zephaniah 2:8 (JPS 1917) — I have heard the taunt of Moab, and the revilings of the children of… · tree and pragmatics
description: I have heard the taunt of Moab, and the revilings of the children of Ammon, wherewith they have taunted My people, and spoken boastfully concerning their border. Who acts: I, taunt. Zephaniah 2:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Zephaniah 2:8 · JPS 1917

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I have heard the taunt of Moab, and the revilings of the children of Ammon, wherewith they have taunted My people, and spoken boastfully concerning their border.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, taunt · **What happens:** hear, taunt, speak · **To what, where:** taunt, people, Moab · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Zephaniah 2:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, taunt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEP:26
# text = I have heard the taunt of Moab, and the revilings of the children of Ammon, wherewith they have taunted My people, and spoken boastfully concerning their border.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	taunt	taunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	revilings	reviling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Ammon	Ammon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	wherewith	wherewith	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	21	advmod	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	taunted	taunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	acl:relcl	_	_
22	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
27	boastfully	boastfully	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	concerning	concern	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present · perfect | I | the taunt of Moab and the revilings of the children of Ammon |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer taunt=Stimulus |
| 2 | **taunt** | present · perfect | taunt | My people |  |  |  | wherewith *property* | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle | taunt *not said here* |  |  |  |  | concern taunt's border; boastfully *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **taunt** |  |  | Moab |  |  |  |  | nom taunt «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ חֶרְפַּ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְגִדּוּפֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵֽרְפוּ֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וַיַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ עַל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃

[Zephaniah 2:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEP:26` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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