--- title: Zephaniah 2:9 (JPS 1917) — Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Sur… · tree and pragmatics description: Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah, even the breeding-place of nettles, and saltpits, and a desolation, for ever; the residue of My people shall spoil them, and the remnant of My nation shall inherit t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.27/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zephaniah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/2/) / [2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.9/) / JPS 1 # Zephaniah 2:9 · JPS 1917 Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah, even the breeding-place of nettles, and saltpits, and a desolation, for ever; the residue of My people shall spoil them, and the remnant of My nation shall inherit them. **Who acts:** I, LORD, Moab, residue, remnant · **What happens:** live, say, be, spoil, inherit · **To what, where:** people · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Zephaniah 2:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, LORD, Moab, residue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ZEP:27 # text = Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah, even the breeding-place of nettles, and saltpits, and a desolation, for ever; the residue of My people shall spoil them, and the remnant of My nation shall inherit them. 1 Therefore therefore ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 2 as as SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 3 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 6 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 hosts host NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 appos _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 17 Surely surely ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 18 Moab Moab PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 19 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 20 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 22 cop _ _ 21 as as ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 Sodom Sodom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 Ammon Ammon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 as as ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Gomorrah Gomorrah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 even even ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 34 breeding breeding NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 35 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 34 punct _ _ 36 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 appos _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 nettles nettle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 saltpits saltpit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 conj _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 desolation desolation NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 47 for for ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 45 nmod _ _ 49 ; ; PUNCT : _ 56 punct _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 residue residue NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 nsubj _ _ 52 of of ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 53 My my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 54 nmod:poss _ _ 54 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 nmod _ _ 55 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 56 aux _ _ 56 spoil spoil VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 parataxis _ _ 57 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 56 obj _ _ 58 , , PUNCT , _ 66 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 66 cc _ _ 60 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 61 det _ _ 61 remnant remnant NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 nsubj _ _ 62 of of ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 63 My my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 64 nmod:poss _ _ 64 nation nation NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 nmod _ _ 65 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 66 aux _ _ 66 inherit inherit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 56 conj _ _ 67 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 66 obj _ _ 68 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | present | I | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD of hosts | | | | | therefore *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | shall | Moab | | | | | as Sodom and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah and a desolation; surely *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **spoil** | shall | the residue of My people | people | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **inherit** | shall | the remnant of My nation | people | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֡נִי נְאֻם֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־מוֹאָ֞ב כִּסְדֹ֤ם תִּֽהְיֶה֙ וּבְנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה מִמְשַׁ֥ק חָר֛וּל וּמִכְרֵה־מֶ֥לַח וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם שְׁאֵרִ֤ית עַמִּי֙ יְבָזּ֔וּם וְיֶ֥תֶר גּוֹיִ֖י יִנְחָלֽוּם׃ [Zephaniah 2:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.9/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEP:27` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Zephaniah 2:8 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.26/) - next →: [Zephaniah 2:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.28/) - ↑ back to [Zephaniah 2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.9/)