---
title: Zephaniah 2:15 (JPS 1917) — This is the joyous city that dwelt without care, that said in her he… · tree and pragmatics
description: This is the joyous city that dwelt without care, that said in her heart: 'I am, and there is none else beside me'; how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in! Who acts: This, joyous city, I, none. Zephaniah 2:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.33/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zephaniah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/2/) / [2:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.15/) / JPS 1

# Zephaniah 2:15 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is the joyous city that dwelt without care, that said in her heart: 'I am, and there is none else beside me'; how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in!

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** This, joyous city, I, none, Nineveh, beasts · **What happens:** be, dwell, say, become, lie down · **To what, where:** joyous city, heart, desolation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Zephaniah 2:15 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, joyous city, I, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEP:33
# text = This is the joyous city that dwelt without care, that said in her heart: 'I am, and there is none else beside me'; how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in!
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	joyous	joyous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	am	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	23	expl	_	_
23	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
24	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	23	nsubj	_	_
25	else	else	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
30	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	33	advmod	_	_
31	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	desolation	desolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	xcomp	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	_
39	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
40	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	acl	_	_
43	down	down	ADP	RP	_	42	compound:prt	_	_
44	in	in	ADP	IN	_	42	obl	_	_
45	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	33	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | the joyous city |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dwell** | past | the joyous city |  |  |  |  | without care | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the joyous city |  |  | Nineveh's heart |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **be** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  | beside me | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside i=Location |
| 6 | **become** | present · passive | Nineveh | a desolation |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **lie down** | to-infinitive | beasts |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
זֹ֞֠אתהָעִ֤יר הָעַלִּיזָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד אֵ֣יךְ ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֗ה מַרְבֵּץ֙ לַֽחַיָּ֔ה כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשְׁרֹ֖ק יָנִ֥יעַ יָדֽוֹ׃ס

[Zephaniah 2:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.15/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **This is the joyous city that dwelt without care, that said in her heart: 'I am, and there is none else beside me'; how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in!**
2. [Every one that passeth by her shall hiss, and wag his hand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.34/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEP:33` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Zephaniah 2:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.32/)
- next →: [Zephaniah 2:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.34/)
- ↑ back to [Zephaniah 2:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.15/)