---
title: Zephaniah 3:1 (JPS 1917) — Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city! · tree and pragmatics
description: Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city! Zephaniah 3:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Zephaniah 3:1 · JPS 1917

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Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city!

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**What happens:** be

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This is Zephaniah 3:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEP:35
# text = Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city!
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	filthy	filthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	polluted	polluted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	oppressing	oppressing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: fragment
- act: express
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | filthy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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ה֥וֹי מֹרְאָ֖ה וְנִגְאָלָ֑ה הָעִ֖יר הַיּוֹנָֽה׃

[Zephaniah 3:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.3.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEP:35` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Zephaniah 2:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.34/)
- next →: [Zephaniah 3:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.36/)
- ↑ back to [Zephaniah 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.3.1/)