---
title: Zephaniah 3:3 (JPS 1917) — Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions; her judges are wo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions; her judges are wolves of the desert, they leave not a bone for the morrow. Who acts: princes, judges. Zephaniah 3:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Zephaniah 3:3 · JPS 1917

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Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions; her judges are wolves of the desert, they leave not a bone for the morrow.

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**Who acts:** princes, judges · **What happens:** roar, be, not leave · **To what, where:** roaring lions, wolves, bone

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This is Zephaniah 3:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (princes, judges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ZEP:37
# text = Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions; her judges are wolves of the desert, they leave not a bone for the morrow.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	roaring	roar	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	parataxis	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	morrow	morrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roar** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Her princes in the midst of her | roaring lions |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | her judges | wolves |  |  |  | of the desert | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **leave** | present | judges *= judge* | a bone |  |  |  | for the morrow | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent bone=Theme for morrow=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ אֲרָי֖וֹת שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים שֹׁפְטֶ֙יהָ֙ זְאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א גָרְמ֖וּ לַבֹּֽקֶר׃

[Zephaniah 3:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.3.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ZEP:37` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ↑ back to [Zephaniah 3:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.3.3/)