---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — A new baby in the house · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the frequent nocturnal waking of a newborn infant? Exam question 1 of lesson 19 «A new baby in the house» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mov
---

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# Exam question 1 · A new baby in the house

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the frequent nocturnal waking of a newborn infant?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** newborn infant · **What happens:** follow, characteris, wake · **To what, where:** frequent nocturnal waking

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 19 «A new baby in the house» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/adult-life/19-a-new-baby-in-the-house/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:19-a-new-baby-in-the-house:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the frequent nocturnal waking of a newborn infant?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	frequent	frequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	nocturnal	nocturnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	waking	waking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	infant	infant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the frequent nocturnal waking of a newborn infant |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **wake** |  | a newborn infant |  |  |  |  |  | nom waking «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is invariably a sign of serious illness requiring immediate admission to hospital

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:19-a-new-baby-in-the-house:e1:o1:1
# text = It is invariably a sign of serious illness requiring immediate admission to hospital
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	requiring	require	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	immediate	immediate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	admission	admission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a sign |  |  |  | of serious illness; invariably *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **require** | gerund | serious illness *not said here* | immediate admission |  |  |  | to hospital | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme admission=Precondition |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It arises from a deliberately acquired bad habit

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:19-a-new-baby-in-the-house:e1:o2:1
# text = It arises from a deliberately acquired bad habit
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	arises	arise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | present | It |  |  | a acquired bad habit |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **acquire** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | deliberately *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It arises from the infant's need for frequent feeding, its stomach being small

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:19-a-new-baby-in-the-house:e1:o3:1
# text = It arises from the infant's need for frequent feeding, its stomach being small
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	arises	arise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	infant	infant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	frequent	frequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	feeding	feeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
15	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | present | It |  |  | the infant's need for frequent feeding |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | feeding's stomach |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **need** |  | the infant |  |  |  |  | for frequent feeding | nom need «state transitive»: poss=agent for=obl |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It arises from the infant's dislike of its family

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:19-a-new-baby-in-the-house:e1:o4:1
# text = It arises from the infant's dislike of its family
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	arises	arise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	infant	infant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	dislike	dislike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | present | It |  |  | the infant's dislike of dislike's family |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **dislike** |  | the infant | dislike's family |  |  |  |  | nom dislike «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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