---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises depr… — Sore backs, glasses and feeling low · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises depression? Exam question 1 of lesson 22 «Sore backs, glasses and feeling low» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Sore backs, glasses and feeling low

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises depression?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** depression

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 22 «Sore backs, glasses and feeling low» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/adult-life/22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises depression?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	depression	depression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | depression |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A condition caused principally by the misconduct of children

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e1:o1:1
# text = A condition caused principally by the misconduct of children
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  | a condition *not said here* |  |  |  | by the misconduct of children; principally *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **misconduct** |  |  | children |  |  |  |  | nom misconduct «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deliberate choice on the part of the individual to avoid effort

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e1:o2:1
# text = A deliberate choice on the part of the individual to avoid effort
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
12	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | to-infinitive |  | effort |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent effort=Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An illness involving persistent low mood for weeks, ordinarily treatable

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e1:o3:1
# text = An illness involving persistent low mood for weeks, ordinarily treatable
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	involving	involve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	persistent	persistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	ordinarily	ordinarily	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	treatable	treatable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **involve** | gerund | a illness *not said here* | persistent low mood |  |  | week |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mood=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A transient bad mood that invariably resolves within a single day of rest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e1:o4:1
# text = A transient bad mood that invariably resolves within a single day of rest
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	transient	transient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	resolves	resolve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	within	within	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resolve** | present | a transient bad mood |  |  |  | day | invariably *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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