---
title: Identify the principal reason for which many persons above the age o… — Sore backs, glasses and feeling low · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which many persons above the age of forty require reading spectacles. Exam question 2 of lesson 22 «Sore backs, glasses and feeling low» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Exam question 2 · Sore backs, glasses and feeling low

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which many persons above the age of forty require reading spectacles.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, many persons · **What happens:** identify, require, read · **To what, where:** principal reason, spectacles

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 22 «Sore backs, glasses and feeling low» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/adult-life/22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which many persons above the age of forty require reading spectacles.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
9	above	above	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nmod	_	_
14	require	require	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
15	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	_
16	spectacles	spectacle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **require** | present | many persons above the age of forty |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn require-103-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 3 | **read** | gerund | many persons above the age of forty *not said here* | spectacles |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spectacle=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Printed text is customarily produced in smaller sizes for adults

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e2:o1:1
# text = Printed text is customarily produced in smaller sizes for adults
1	Printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	customarily	customarily	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	sizes	size	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **produce** | present · passive |  | Printed text |  | smaller sizes |  | for adults; customarily *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Result for adult=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excessive reading in youth causes the eyes to shrink

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e2:o2:1
# text = Excessive reading in youth causes the eyes to shrink
1	Excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	shrink	shrink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | Excessive reading in youth | the eyes |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition eye=Patient |
| 2 | **shrink** | to-infinitive | Excessive reading in youth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lens of the eye becomes less flexible, impairing close vision

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e2:o3:1
# text = The lens of the eye becomes less flexible, impairing close vision
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	flexible	flexible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	impairing	impair	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
11	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | the lens of the eye |  |  |  |  | flexible *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **impair** | gerund | the lens of the eye *not said here* | close vision |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus vision=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The eye ceases entirely to function in conditions of daylight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:22-sore-backs-glasses-and-feeling-low:e2:o4:1
# text = The eye ceases entirely to function in conditions of daylight
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ceases	cease	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	daylight	daylight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | present | the eye | function |  | conditions of daylight |  | entirely *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **condition** |  |  | daylight |  |  |  |  | nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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