---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises deme… — When Grandma and Grandad need more help · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises dementia? Exam question 1 of lesson 23 «When Grandma and Grandad need more help» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · When Grandma and Grandad need more help

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises dementia?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** dementia

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 23 «When Grandma and Grandad need more help» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/adult-life/23-when-grandma-and-grandad-need-more-help/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:23-when-grandma-and-grandad-need-more-help:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises dementia?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	dementia	dementia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | dementia |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The occasional forgetting of a name, experienced by persons of all ages

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:23-when-grandma-and-grandad-need-more-help:e1:o1:1
# text = The occasional forgetting of a name, experienced by persons of all ages
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	occasional	occasional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	forgetting	forgetting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	experienced	experience	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **experience** | participle |  | the occasional forgetting of a name *not said here* |  |  |  | by persons of all ages | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deliberate refusal on the part of the elderly to remember

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:23-when-grandma-and-grandad-need-more-help:e1:o2:1
# text = A deliberate refusal on the part of the elderly to remember
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	elderly	elderly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A progressive illness of the brain, impairing memory and thinking

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:23-when-grandma-and-grandad-need-more-help:e1:o3:1
# text = A progressive illness of the brain, impairing memory and thinking
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	impairing	impair	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
9	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	thinking	thinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **impair** | gerund |  | memory and thinking |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus memory=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A temporary confusion invariably cured within a few days

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:23-when-grandma-and-grandad-need-more-help:e1:o4:1
# text = A temporary confusion invariably cured within a few days
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	temporary	temporary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	confusion	confusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cured	cure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	within	within	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cure** | participle · passive |  | a temporary confusion |  |  | day | invariably *property* | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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