---
title: Identify the principle in accordance with which a person accused of… — Police, courts and prison · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principle in accordance with which a person accused of a crime is treated prior to a finding of guilt. Exam question 1 of lesson 30 «Police, courts and prison» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Police, courts and prison

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principle in accordance with which a person accused of a crime is treated prior to a finding of guilt.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, accuse, treat, find · **To what, where:** principle, accordance, person, guilt

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 30 «Police, courts and prison» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/adult-life/30-police-courts-and-prison/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:30-police-courts-and-prison:e1:1
# text = Identify the principle in accordance with which a person accused of a crime is treated prior to a finding of guilt.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principle	principle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	accordance	accordance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
16	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	finding	finding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	guilt	guilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principle |  | accordance |  | prior a finding of guilt | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent principle=Theme |
| 2 | **accuse** | participle |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  | of a crime | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent of crime=Attribute |
| 3 | **treat** | present · passive |  | a person |  |  |  | with accordance | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with which=Theme |
| 4 | **find** |  |  | guilt |  |  |  |  | nom finding «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That the person is guilty if arrested

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:30-police-courts-and-prison:e1:o1:1
# text = That the person is guilty if arrested
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	arrested	arrest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that person |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **arrest** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | that person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That the person is innocent until proven guilty

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:30-police-courts-and-prison:e1:o2:1
# text = That the person is innocent until proven guilty
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
8	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that person |  |  |  |  | innocent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **prove** | participle | that person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That the person is guilty until proven innocent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:30-police-courts-and-prison:e1:o3:1
# text = That the person is guilty until proven innocent
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
8	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that person |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **prove** | participle | that person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | innocent *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That the person may be punished by the public

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:30-police-courts-and-prison:e1:o4:1
# text = That the person may be punished by the public
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	public	public	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | may · passive | the public | that person |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Police, courts and prison, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/30-police-courts-and-prison/t11/)
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