---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Votes, parties and the people in charge · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the principle of the secret ballot? Exam question 1 of lesson 31 «Votes, parties and the people in charge» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Exam question 1 · Votes, parties and the people in charge

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the principle of the secret ballot?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** principle

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 31 «Votes, parties and the people in charge» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/adult-life/31-votes-parties-and-the-people-in-charge/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:31-votes-parties-and-the-people-in-charge:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the principle of the secret ballot?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	principle	principle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	ballot	ballot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the principle of the secret ballot |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only children are permitted to know how votes are cast

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:31-votes-parties-and-the-people-in-charge:e1:o1:1
# text = Only children are permitted to know how votes are cast
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	permitted	permit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	votes	vote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | present · passive |  | children |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **know** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cast** | present · passive |  | votes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every elector must declare the vote to the family

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:31-votes-parties-and-the-people-in-charge:e1:o2:1
# text = Every elector must declare the vote to the family
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	elector	elector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	declare	declare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vote	vote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | must | every elector | the vote | the family |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent vote=Theme to family=Recipient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No elector is obliged to disclose how he or she has voted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:31-votes-parties-and-the-people-in-charge:e1:o3:1
# text = No elector is obliged to disclose how he or she has voted
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	elector	elector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	disclose	disclose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	voted	vote	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oblige** | present · passive |  | no elector |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 2 | **disclose** | to-infinitive |  | he |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **vote** | present · perfect | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vote of each elector is published the following day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:31-votes-parties-and-the-people-in-charge:e1:o4:1
# text = The vote of each elector is published the following day
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vote	vote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	elector	elector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | present · passive |  | the vote of each elector |  |  | day |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **vote** |  |  | each elector |  |  |  |  | nom vote «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- next →: [Votes, parties and the people in charge, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/31-votes-parties-and-the-people-in-charge/e2/)
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