---
title: Identify which of the following constitutes a genuine apology in the… — Sorry, white lies and «because I said… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify which of the following constitutes a genuine apology in the sense established in this lesson. Exam question 2 of lesson 37 «Sorry, white lies and «because I said so»» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Exam question 2 · Sorry, white lies and «because I said so»

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify which of the following constitutes a genuine apology in the sense established in this lesson.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, follow, be, establish · **To what, where:** sense, lesson

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 37 «Sorry, white lies and «because I said so»» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/adult-life/37-sorry-white-lies-and-because-i-said-so/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:37-sorry-white-lies-and-because-i-said-so:e2:1
# text = Identify which of the following constitutes a genuine apology in the sense established in this lesson.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	case	_	_
6	constitutes	constitute	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	genuine	genuine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	apology	apology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the sense |  | of the genuine apology | tree rules |
| 4 | **establish** | participle |  | the sense *not said here* |  | this lesson |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A statement offering a gift in place of acknowledgement

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:37-sorry-white-lies-and-because-i-said-so:e2:o1:1
# text = A statement offering a gift in place of acknowledgement
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | gerund | a statement *not said here* | a gift |  | place of acknowledgement |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent gift=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A statement attributing the fault to the injured party

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:37-sorry-white-lies-and-because-i-said-so:e2:o2:1
# text = A statement attributing the fault to the injured party
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	attributing	attribute	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attribute** | gerund | a statement *not said here* | the fault |  |  |  | to the injured party | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A statement of regret followed by the word "but" and a complaint

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:37-sorry-white-lies-and-because-i-said-so:e2:o3:1
# text = A statement of regret followed by the word "but" and a complaint
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	regret	regret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	complaint	complaint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | participle |  | a statement of regret and a complaint *not said here* |  |  |  | by the word | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by word=Location |
| 2 | **state** |  |  | regret |  |  |  |  | nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A statement naming the wrongdoing without qualification

```conllu
# sent_id = question:adult-life:37-sorry-white-lies-and-because-i-said-so:e2:o4:1
# text = A statement naming the wrongdoing without qualification
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	naming	name	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	qualification	qualification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | gerund | a statement *not said here* | the wrongdoing |  |  |  | without qualification | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrongdoing=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Sorry, white lies and «because I said…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/37-sorry-white-lies-and-because-i-said-so/e1/)
- next →: [Sorry, white lies and «because I said…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/37-sorry-white-lies-and-because-i-said-so/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Sorry, white lies and «because I said so»](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/37-sorry-white-lies-and-because-i-said-so/)