--- title: It is given that an individual has been charged with an offence. Sel… — Elections, crime, the weather, breakin… · tree and pragmatics description: It is given that an individual has been charged with an offence. Select the response that is consistent with the established principles of law. Exam question 2 of lesson 52 «Elections, crime, the weather, breaking news and news vs opinion» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, with the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Adult life](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/) / [Elections, crime, the weather, breakin…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Elections, crime, the weather, breaking news and news vs o… It is given that an individual has been charged with an offence. Select the response that is consistent with the established principles of law. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, response · **What happens:** give, charge, select, be, establish · **To what, where:** It, individual, response This is exam question 2 of lesson 52 «Elections, crime, the weather, breaking news and news vs opinion» of the adult life course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/adult-life/52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion/#e2). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* It is given that an individual has been charged with an offence. ```conllu # sent_id = question:adult-life:52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion:e2:1 # text = It is given that an individual has been charged with an offence. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 5 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 individual individual NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 charged charge VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 offence offence NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present · passive | | It | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **charge** | present · perfect · passive | | a individual | | | | with a offence | vn equip-13.4.2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with offence=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Select the response that is consistent with the established principles of law. ```conllu # sent_id = question:adult-life:52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion:e2:2 # text = Select the response that is consistent with the established principles of law. 1 Select select VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 response response NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 consistent consistent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 acl:relcl _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 established establish VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 amod _ _ 10 principles principle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | the response | | | | | with the established principles of law; consistent *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **establish** | participle | | | | | | | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} He is presumed innocent until a court determines otherwise ```conllu # sent_id = question:adult-life:52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion:e2:o1:1 # text = He is presumed innocent until a court determines otherwise 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 presumed presume VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 innocent innocent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 5 until until SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 court court NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 determines determine VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 9 otherwise otherwise ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **presume** | present · passive | | He | | | | innocent *property* | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **determine** | present | a court | | | | | otherwise *property* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} He is deemed guilty if the news so reports ```conllu # sent_id = question:adult-life:52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion:e2:o2:1 # text = He is deemed guilty if the news so reports 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 deemed deem VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 guilty guilty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 5 if if SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 news news NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 advcl _ _ 8 so so SCONJ IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 reports report NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **deem** | present · passive | | He | | | | so reports; guilty *property* | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Attribute | ### Option 3 {#o3} He is presumed guilty until he proves his innocence ```conllu # sent_id = question:adult-life:52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion:e2:o3:1 # text = He is presumed guilty until he proves his innocence 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 presumed presume VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 guilty guilty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 5 until until SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 proves prove VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 8 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 innocence innocence NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **presume** | present · passive | | He | | | | guilty *property* | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **prove** | present | he | his innocence | | | | | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent innocence=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} He is deemed guilty from the moment of the charge ```conllu # sent_id = question:adult-life:52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion:e2:o4:1 # text = He is deemed guilty from the moment of the charge 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 deemed deem VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 guilty guilty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 moment moment NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 charge charge NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **deem** | present · passive | | He | | | moment | guilty *property* | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Attribute | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Elections, crime, the weather, breakin…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion/e1/) - next →: [Elections, crime, the weather, breakin…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion/e3/) - ↑ back to [Elections, crime, the weather, breaking news and news vs opinion](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/adult-life/52-elections-crime-the-weather-breaking-news-and-news-vs-opinion/)