--- title: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts co… — How a language model learns: guessing… · tree and pragmatics description: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning a conversational program which has been switched off. Exam question 3 of lesson 2 «How a language model learns: guessing the next word» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/e3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [AI](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/) / [How a language model learns: guessing…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/) / e3 # Exam question 3 · How a language model learns: guessing the next word Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning a conversational program which has been switched off. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, response, established facts · **What happens:** select, be, establish, concern, switch off · **To what, where:** response, conversational program This is exam question 3 of lesson 2 «How a language model learns: guessing the next word» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/#e3). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:e3:1 # text = Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning a conversational program which has been switched off. 1 Select select VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 response response NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 consistent consistent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 acl:relcl _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 established establish VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 amod _ _ 10 facts fact NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 11 concerning concern VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 10 acl _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 conversational conversational ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 program program NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 15 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 18 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 17 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 18 aux:pass _ _ 18 switched switch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 acl:relcl _ _ 19 off off ADP RP _ 18 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 20 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | the response | | | | | with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **establish** | participle | | | | | | | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot | | 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | a conversational program | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus program=Experiencer | | 5 | **switch off** | present · perfect · passive | | a conversational program | | | | | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} No activity whatsoever occurs within it until it is restarted ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:e3:o1:1 # text = No activity whatsoever occurs within it until it is restarted 1 No no DET DT PronType=Neg 2 det _ _ 2 activity activity NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 whatsoever whatsoever ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 occurs occur VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 within within ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ _ 7 until until SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 restarted restart VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **occur** | present | no activity | | | | | within it; whatsoever *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **restart** | present · passive | | activity | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} It enters a state of sleep accompanied by dreams ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:e3:o2:1 # text = It enters a state of sleep accompanied by dreams 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 enters enter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 sleep sleep NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 accompanied accompany VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 8 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 dreams dream NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl:agent _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **enter** | present | It | a state of sleep | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme state=Destination | | 2 | **accompany** | participle | | a state of sleep *not said here* | | | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} It continues to reflect upon prior conversations throughout the night ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:e3:o3:1 # text = It continues to reflect upon prior conversations throughout the night 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 continues continue VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 to to PART TO _ 4 mark _ _ 4 reflect reflect VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 xcomp _ _ 5 upon upon ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 prior prior ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 conversations conversation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 throughout throughout ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **continue** | present | It | | | | | | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 2 | **reflect** | to-infinitive | | | | | night | upon prior conversations | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 4 {#o4} It experiences loneliness in the absence of its users ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:e3:o4:1 # text = It experiences loneliness in the absence of its users 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 experiences experience VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 loneliness loneliness NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 absence absence NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 users user NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **experience** | present | It | loneliness | | the absence of absence's users | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer loneliness=Stimulus | | 2 | **absent** | | | absence's users | | | | | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [How a language model learns: guessing…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/e2/) - next →: [How a language model learns: guessing…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/e4/) - ↑ back to [How a language model learns: guessing the next word](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/)