--- title: Your friend says the bot is "a she, called Alexa or whatever". What… — How a language model learns: guessing… · tree and pragmatics description: Your friend says the bot is "a she, called Alexa or whatever". What is closer to the truth? Test 8 of lesson 2 «How a language model learns: guessing the next word» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/t8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [AI](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/) / [How a language model learns: guessing…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/) / t8 # Test 8 · How a language model learns: guessing the next word Your friend says the bot is "a she, called Alexa or whatever". What is closer to the truth? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** friend · **What happens:** say, call, be · **To what, where:** bot · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 8 of lesson 2 «How a language model learns: guessing the next word» of the AI course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/#t8). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Your friend says the bot is "a she, called Alexa or whatever". ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:t8:1 # text = Your friend says the bot is "a she, called Alexa or whatever". 1 Your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 bot bot NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 7 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 ccomp _ _ 12 Alexa Alexa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 xcomp _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 whatever whatever PRON WP PronType=Rel 11 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 15 " " PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your friend | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **call** *in a quote* | present · passive | | the bot | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* What is closer to the truth? ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:t8:2 # text = What is closer to the truth? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 closer close ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | | | | | | to the truth; close *property* | tree rules | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} A name and voice are labels chosen by its makers ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:t8:o1:1 # text = A name and voice are labels chosen by its makers 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 labels label NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 7 chosen choose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 by by ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 makers maker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a name and voice | labels | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **choose** | participle | | labels *not said here* | | | | by voice's makers | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} It is a woman who works from home and answers questions all day ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:t8:o2:1 # text = It is a woman who works from home and answers questions all day 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 woman woman NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 works work VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 7 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 answers answer VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 11 questions question NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 12 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 13 det _ _ 13 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl:unmarked _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | It | a woman | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **work** | present | a woman | | | home | | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | present | a woman *not said here* | questions | | | day | | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality | ### Option 3 {#o3} It chose its own name when it was born ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:t8:o3:1 # text = It chose its own name when it was born 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 chose choose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 4 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 9 advmod _ _ 7 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 born bear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **choose** | past | It | its own name | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme | | 2 | **bear** | past · passive | | name | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **name** | | its *= it* | | | | | | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ### Option 4 {#o4} It is a girl robot hidden in a cupboard ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:2-guessing-the-next-word:t8:o4:1 # text = It is a girl robot hidden in a cupboard 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 girl girl NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 robot robot NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 hidden hide VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 cupboard cupboard NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | It | a girl robot | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **hide** | participle | | a girl robot *not said here* | | a cupboard | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cupboard=Location | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [How a language model learns: guessing…, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/t7/) - next →: [How a language model learns: guessing…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/t9/) - ↑ back to [How a language model learns: guessing the next word](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/2-guessing-the-next-word/)