--- title: Ascertain the principal reason for which the formula "it was reporte… — In the news: invented court cases and… · tree and pragmatics description: Ascertain the principal reason for which the formula "it was reported that" is employed in respect of news concerning artificial intelligence. Exam question 4 of lesson 20 «In the news: invented court cases and an airline's chatbot» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/20-news-court-cases-airline/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [AI](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/) / [In the news: invented court cases and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/20-news-court-cases-airline/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · In the news: invented court cases and an airline's chatbot Ascertain the principal reason for which the formula "it was reported that" is employed in respect of news concerning artificial intelligence. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, formula, news · **What happens:** ascertain, report, employ, concern, respect · **To what, where:** principal reason, formula, respect, artificial intelligence, news This is exam question 4 of lesson 20 «In the news: invented court cases and an airline's chatbot» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ai/20-news-court-cases-airline/#e4). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:20-news-court-cases-airline:e4:1 # text = Ascertain the principal reason for which the formula "it was reported that" is employed in respect of news concerning artificial intelligence. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 obl _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 formula formula NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl:relcl _ _ 13 that that SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ SpaceAfter=No 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 employed employ VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl:relcl _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 respect respect NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 news news NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 concerning concern VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 20 acl _ _ 22 artificial artificial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 intelligence intelligence NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic | | 2 | **report** *in a quote* | past · passive | the formula *not said here* | formula | | | | | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **employ** | present · passive | | the formula | | respect of news | | for the principal reason | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for which=Eventuality | | 4 | **concern** | gerund | news *not said here* | artificial intelligence | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus intelligence=Experiencer | | 5 | **respect** | | | news | | | | | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} The formula renders a report more dramatic ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:20-news-court-cases-airline:e4:o1:1 # text = The formula renders a report more dramatic 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 formula formula NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 renders render VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 report report NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 7 advmod _ _ 7 dramatic dramatic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **render** | present | the formula | a report | | | | dramatic *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent report=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} The formula is required solely in courts of law ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:20-news-court-cases-airline:e4:o2:1 # text = The formula is required solely in courts of law 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 formula formula NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 required require VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 solely solely ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 courts court NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **require** | present · passive | | the formula | | courts of law | | solely *property* | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} The speaker did not witness the events, and reports may be mistaken ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:20-news-court-cases-airline:e4:o3:1 # text = The speaker did not witness the events, and reports may be mistaken 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 speaker speaker NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 5 witness witness NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 events event NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 10 reports report NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 mistaken mistake VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **do** | past | the speaker | witness | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **mistake** | may · passive | | reports | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} The formula signifies that the report is certainly untrue ```conllu # sent_id = question:ai:20-news-court-cases-airline:e4:o4:1 # text = The formula signifies that the report is certainly untrue 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 formula formula NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 signifies signify VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 report report NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 8 certainly certainly ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 untrue untrue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **signify** | present | the formula | | | | | | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | | 2 | **is** | present | the report | | | | | certainly, untrue *property* | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [In the news: invented court cases and…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/20-news-court-cases-airline/e3/) - next →: [In the news: deepfakes, fake robocalls…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/21-news-deepfakes-history/t1/) - ↑ back to [In the news: invented court cases and an airline's chatbot](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/20-news-court-cases-airline/)