---
title: Ella says: "With 3 lamps you can only make 3 signals, one for each l… — Olympiad: thinking like a machine, Beb… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ella says: "With 3 lamps you can only make 3 signals, one for each lamp." Is she right? Test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 31 «Olympiad: thinking like a machine, Bebras puzzles ★★★» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Test 6 · ★★★ · Olympiad: thinking like a machine, Bebras puzzles ★★★

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ella says: "With 3 lamps you can only make 3 signals, one for each lamp." Is she right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Ella, you · **What happens:** say, make, be · **To what, where:** 3 signals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 31 «Olympiad: thinking like a machine, Bebras puzzles ★★★» of the AI course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ai/31-olympiad-thinking-like-a-machine/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ella says: "With 3 lamps you can only make 3 signals, one for each lamp."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:31-olympiad-thinking-like-a-machine:t6:1
# text = Ella says: "With 3 lamps you can only make 3 signals, one for each lamp."
1	Ella	Ella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	With	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
12	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	appos	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Ella |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** *in a quote* | can | you | 3 signals |  |  |  | with 3 lamps | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Is she right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:31-olympiad-thinking-like-a-machine:t6:2
# text = Is she right?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ella |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No: each lamp is on or off, so 2 × 2 × 2 = 8

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:31-olympiad-thinking-like-a-machine:t6:o1:1
# text = No: each lamp is on or off, so 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
3	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	on	on	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	off	off	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
12	×	×	SYM	SYM	_	13	case	_	_
13	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nmod	_	_
14	×	×	SYM	SYM	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
15	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	flat	_	_
16	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	17	case	_	_
17	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | each lamp |  |  |  |  | on *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only if all the lamps are the same colour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:31-olympiad-thinking-like-a-machine:t6:o2:1
# text = Yes, but only if all the lamps are the same colour
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | all lamps | the same colour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes: one lamp per signal is the only way

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:31-olympiad-thinking-like-a-machine:t6:o3:1
# text = Yes: one lamp per signal is the only way
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	10	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	per	per	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	signal	signal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | one lamp per signal | the only way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No: you can make 6, two for each of the lamps

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:31-olympiad-thinking-like-a-machine:t6:o4:1
# text = No: you can make 6, two for each of the lamps
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	nsubj:outer	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | No | 6 |  |  |  | for each | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent 6=Product for each=Asset |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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