---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Stories, jokes and riddles with a chat… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "hallucination" as applied to a chatbot? Exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Stories, jokes and riddles with a chatbot» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 1 · Stories, jokes and riddles with a chatbot

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "hallucination" as applied to a chatbot?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, apply · **To what, where:** term

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Stories, jokes and riddles with a chatbot» of the AI course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ai/4-stories-jokes-and-riddles/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:4-stories-jokes-and-riddles:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "hallucination" as applied to a chatbot?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	hallucination	hallucination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	applied	apply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	chatbot	chatbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the term |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **apply** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to a chatbot | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The repetition of a joke previously heard by the user

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:4-stories-jokes-and-riddles:e1:o1:1
# text = The repetition of a joke previously heard by the user
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	repetition	repetition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	user	user	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | participle · passive | the user | the repetition of a joke |  |  |  | previously *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **repeat** |  | a joke |  |  |  |  |  | nom repetition «event intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The perception of images by the chatbot during sleep

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:4-stories-jokes-and-riddles:e1:o2:1
# text = The perception of images by the chatbot during sleep
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	chatbot	chatbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** |  | the chatbot during sleep | images |  |  |  |  | nom perception «cognition transitive»: of=patient by=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The deliberate concealment of a correct answer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:4-stories-jokes-and-riddles:e1:o3:1
# text = The deliberate concealment of a correct answer
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	concealment	concealment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** |  |  | a correct answer |  |  |  |  | nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The confident production of an answer that is untrue

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ai:4-stories-jokes-and-riddles:e1:o4:1
# text = The confident production of an answer that is untrue
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	confident	confident	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	production	production	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a answer |  |  |  |  | untrue *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **produce** |  |  | a answer |  |  |  |  | nom production «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Stories, jokes and riddles with a chat…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/4-stories-jokes-and-riddles/t11/)
- next →: [Stories, jokes and riddles with a chat…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/4-stories-jokes-and-riddles/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Stories, jokes and riddles with a chatbot](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ai/4-stories-jokes-and-riddles/)