---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a recorder emits a shrill an… — Music lessons and the recorder · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a recorder emits a shrill and unintended sound when the performer exhales with excessive force. Exam question 1 of lesson 1 «Music lessons and the recorder» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Exam question 1 · Music lessons and the recorder

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a recorder emits a shrill and unintended sound when the performer exhales with excessive force.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, recorder, performer · **What happens:** identify, emit, exhale · **To what, where:** principal reason, shrill sound

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «Music lessons and the recorder» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a recorder emits a shrill and unintended sound when the performer exhales with excessive force.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	recorder	recorder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	emits	emit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	shrill	shrill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	unintended	unintended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
15	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	performer	performer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	exhales	exhale	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **emit** | present | a recorder | a shrill sound |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source sound=Theme |
| 3 | **exhale** | present | the performer |  |  |  |  | with excessive force | vn exhale-40.1.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The instrument is designed to sound only at maximum force

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e1:o1:1
# text = The instrument is designed to sound only at maximum force
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	designed	design	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	maximum	maximum	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **design** | present · passive |  | the instrument |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **sound** | to-infinitive |  | maximum force |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location force=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The instrument has sustained structural damage, such as a crack along the pipe

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e1:o2:1
# text = The instrument has sustained structural damage, such as a crack along the pipe
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	structural	structural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
12	along	along	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | present · perfect · passive |  | the instrument |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The performer has failed to employ sufficient breath

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e1:o3:1
# text = The performer has failed to employ sufficient breath
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	performer	performer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	failed	fail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	employ	employ	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fail** | present · perfect | the performer |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **employ** | to-infinitive | the performer *not said here* | sufficient breath |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The instrument is caused to overblow into a higher and harsher register

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e1:o4:1
# text = The instrument is caused to overblow into a higher and harsher register
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	overblow	overblow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	harsher	harsh	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	conj	_	_
12	register	register	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive |  | the instrument |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **overblow** | to-infinitive | the instrument *not said here* |  |  | a higher register |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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