---
title: Which of the following most accurately characterises the appearance… — Music lessons and the recorder · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following most accurately characterises the appearance of liquid at the lower end of a recorder in use? Exam question 3 of lesson 1 «Music lessons and the recorder» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; M
---

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# Exam question 3 · Music lessons and the recorder

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following most accurately characterises the appearance of liquid at the lower end of a recorder in use?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** appearance, lower end

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 1 «Music lessons and the recorder» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e3:1
# text = Which of the following most accurately characterises the appearance of liquid at the lower end of a recorder in use?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
15	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	recorder	recorder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the appearance of liquid |  |  | at the lower end of a recorder in use | accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The deliberate introduction of saliva by the performer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e3:o1:1
# text = The deliberate introduction of saliva by the performer
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	introduction	introduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	performer	performer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** |  | the performer | saliva |  |  |  |  | nom introduction «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The condensation of warm, moist breath upon cooling within the instrument

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e3:o2:1
# text = The condensation of warm, moist breath upon cooling within the instrument
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	condensation	condensation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	moist	moist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	cooling	cool	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
10	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | gerund | the condensation of warm moist breath *not said here* |  |  |  |  | within the instrument | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **condense** |  |  | warm moist breath |  |  |  |  | nom condensation «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A defect of manufacture necessitating replacement

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e3:o3:1
# text = A defect of manufacture necessitating replacement
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	manufacture	manufacture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	necessitating	necessitate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
6	replacement	replacement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **necessitate** | gerund | a defect of manufacture *not said here* | replacement |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme replacement=Precondition |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leakage of fluid through a fracture in the instrument

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder:e3:o4:1
# text = The leakage of fluid through a fracture in the instrument
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leakage	leakage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	fluid	fluid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fracture	fracture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak** |  | fluid |  |  | a fracture |  |  | nom leakage «event intransitive»: of=agent through=place |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Music lessons and the recorder, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder/e2/)
- next →: [Music lessons and the recorder, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/1-music-lessons-and-the-recorder/e4/)
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