---
title: Identify the principal means by which a player of the didgeridoo sus… — Instruments of the world: bandura, erh… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal means by which a player of the didgeridoo sustains an uninterrupted sound. Exam question 1 of lesson 10 «Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didgeridoo and more» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the quest
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo/e1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Arts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/) / [Instruments of the world: bandura, erh…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo/) / e1

# Exam question 1 · Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didg…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal means by which a player of the didgeridoo sustains an uninterrupted sound.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, principal, player · **What happens:** identify, mean, sustain · **To what, where:** uninterrupted sound

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 10 «Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didgeridoo and more» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal means by which a player of the didgeridoo sustains an uninterrupted sound.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	didgeridoo	didgeridoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	sustains	sustain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	uninterrupted	uninterrupted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the principal |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sustain** | present | a player of the didgeridoo | a uninterrupted sound |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent sound=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Circular breathing, inhaling through the nose while expelling air stored in the cheeks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo:e1:o1:1
# text = Circular breathing, inhaling through the nose while expelling air stored in the cheeks
1	Circular	circular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	breathing	breathing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	inhaling	inhale	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	expelling	expel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhale** | gerund | Circular breathing *not said here* |  |  | the nose |  |  | vn exhale-40.1.3-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **expel** | gerund | Circular breathing *not said here* | air |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 3 | **store** | participle |  | air *not said here* |  | the cheeks |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in cheek=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The retention of a single breath for several minutes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo:e1:o2:1
# text = The retention of a single breath for several minutes
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** |  |  | a single breath |  |  |  | for several minutes | nom retention «act transitive»: of=patient for=obl |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The alternation of two players upon one instrument

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo:e1:o3:1
# text = The alternation of two players upon one instrument
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	alternation	alternation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **alternate** |  | two players |  |  |  |  | upon one instrument | nom alternation «act intransitive»: of=agent upon=obl |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A concealed reservoir of air within the instrument

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo:e1:o4:1
# text = A concealed reservoir of air within the instrument
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	reservoir	reservoir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	within	within	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Instruments of the world: bandura, erh…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo/t11/)
- next →: [Instruments of the world: bandura, erh…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Instruments of the world: bandura, erhu, sitar, kora, didgeridoo and more](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/10-instruments-of-the-world-bandura-erhu-sitar-kora-didgeridoo/)