---
title: Identify the principal means by which perspective conveys distance u… — Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing wha… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal means by which perspective conveys distance upon a flat surface. Exam question 1 of lesson 12 «Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova'
---

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# Exam question 1 · Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal means by which perspective conveys distance upon a flat surface.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, principal · **What happens:** identify, mean, convey · **To what, where:** distance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 12 «Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal means by which perspective conveys distance upon a flat surface.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
7	perspective	perspective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
8	conveys	convey	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
9	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the principal |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **convey** | present |  | distance |  |  |  | by which perspective; upon a flat surface | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent distance=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The diminution of distant objects and the convergence of parallel lines upon a vanishing point

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see:e1:o1:1
# text = The diminution of distant objects and the convergence of parallel lines upon a vanishing point
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diminution	diminution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	convergence	convergence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	parallel	parallel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	vanishing	vanish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vanish** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **diminish** |  | distant objects |  |  |  |  | upon a vanishing point | nom diminution «process intransitive»: of=agent upon=obl |
| 3 | **converge** |  | parallel lines |  |  |  |  |  | nom convergence «event intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The use of bright colours for every distant object

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see:e1:o2:1
# text = The use of bright colours for every distant object
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** |  |  | bright colours for every distant object |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The representation of all objects at an identical size, whatever their distance from the viewer

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see:e1:o3:1
# text = The representation of all objects at an identical size, whatever their distance from the viewer
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	representation	representation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	det:predet	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	viewer	viewer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** |  |  | all objects |  | a identical size |  |  | nom representation «cognition transitive»: of=patient at=place |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The enlargement of objects in proportion to their distance from the eye of the observer

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see:e1:o4:1
# text = The enlargement of objects in proportion to their distance from the eye of the observer
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	enlargement	enlargement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	proportion	proportion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enlarge** |  |  | objects |  | proportion |  | to objects's distance from the eye of the observer | nom enlargement «act transitive»: of=patient in=place to=obl |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Drawing: lines, shapes and drawing what you really see](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/12-drawing-lines-shapes-and-drawing-what-you-really-see/)