---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Street art and graffiti: legal walls v… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard presented by railway lines? Exam question 3 of lesson 19 «Street art and graffiti: legal walls vs vandalism» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 3 · Street art and graffiti: legal walls vs vandalism

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard presented by railway lines?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, present · **To what, where:** hazard

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 19 «Street art and graffiti: legal walls vs vandalism» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard presented by railway lines?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hazard	hazard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	presented	present	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	railway	railway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the hazard |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **present** | participle |  | the hazard *not said here* |  |  |  | by railway lines | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trains halt automatically for pedestrians

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:e3:o1:1
# text = Trains halt automatically for pedestrians
1	Trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	halt	halt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	automatically	automatically	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pedestrians	pedestrian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **halt** | present | Trains |  |  |  |  | for pedestrians; automatically *property* | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rails are harmless to the touch

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:e3:o2:1
# text = Rails are harmless to the touch
1	Rails	rail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	touch	touch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Rails |  |  |  |  | to the touch; harmless *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trains are fast and quiet, and certain rails carry lethal electricity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:e3:o3:1
# text = Trains are fast and quiet, and certain rails carry lethal electricity
1	Trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rails	rail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	lethal	lethal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Trains |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Trains *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **carry** | present | certain rails | lethal electricity |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A train may invariably be heard in sufficient time for any person to withdraw

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:e3:o4:1
# text = A train may invariably be heard in sufficient time for any person to withdraw
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	withdraw	withdraw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | may · passive |  | a train |  |  | time | for any person; invariably *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **withdraw** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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