---
title: Jasmine's friend says "Ayo, I nearly stepped in it!" Why did she thi… — Street art and graffiti: legal walls v… · tree and pragmatics
description: Jasmine's friend says "Ayo, I nearly stepped in it!" Why did she think it was a hole? Test 5 · ★★ of lesson 19 «Street art and graffiti: legal walls vs vandalism» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Test 5 · ★★ · Street art and graffiti: legal walls vs vandalism

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jasmine's friend says "Ayo, I nearly stepped in it!" Why did she think it was a hole?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** friend, Ayo, it · **What happens:** say, step, think, be · **To what, where:** Ayo, hole · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 19 «Street art and graffiti: legal walls vs vandalism» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Jasmine's friend says "Ayo, I nearly stepped in it!"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:t5:1
# text = Jasmine's friend says "Ayo, I nearly stepped in it!"
1	Jasmine	Jasmine	PROPN	NNP	_	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Ayo	Ayo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | present | Jasmine's friend | Ayo |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **step** *in a quote* | past | Jasmine's friend *= friend* |  |  |  |  | in friend; nearly *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why did she think it was a hole?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:t5:2
# text = Why did she think it was a hole?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past · do-support | Ayo |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | it | a hole |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a real hole hidden under the chalk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:t5:o1:1
# text = There was a real hole hidden under the chalk
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a real hole |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | participle |  | a real hole *not said here* |  | the chalk |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under chalk=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chalk was wet cement

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:t5:o2:1
# text = The chalk was wet cement
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cement	cement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the chalk | wet cement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a puddle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:t5:o3:1
# text = It was a puddle
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	puddle	puddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a puddle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Perspective tricks make chalk look deep from one spot

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism:t5:o4:1
# text = Perspective tricks make chalk look deep from one spot
1	Perspective	perspective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	tricks	trick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Perspective tricks | chalk |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | chalk *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from one spot; deep *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from spot=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Street art and graffiti: legal walls vs vandalism](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/19-street-art-and-graffiti-legal-walls-vs-vandalism/)