---
title: Ascertain the measure most appropriate for reducing unwanted jitter… — Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, com… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the measure most appropriate for reducing unwanted jitter in stop-motion animation. Exam question 4 of lesson 23 «Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; M
---

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# Exam question 4 · Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the measure most appropriate for reducing unwanted jitter in stop-motion animation.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, unwanted · **What happens:** ascertain, reduce, jitter · **To what, where:** measure, motion animation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 23 «Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the measure most appropriate for reducing unwanted jitter in stop-motion animation.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	measure	measure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	reducing	reduce	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	_
9	jitter	jitter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	xcomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the measure |  |  |  | appropriate *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent measure=Topic |
| 2 | **reduce** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Causer clause=Goal |
| 3 | **jitter** | present | unwanted |  |  | motion animation |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The movement of the camera to a new position between successive photographs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:e4:o1:1
# text = The movement of the camera to a new position between successive photographs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	successive	successive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	photographs	photograph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** |  |  | the camera |  |  |  | to a new position between successive photographs | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient to=obl |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The variation of the lighting between successive photographs to add interest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:e4:o2:1
# text = The variation of the lighting between successive photographs to add interest
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	variation	variation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lighting	lighting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	successive	successive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	photographs	photograph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
11	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | interest |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent interest=Patient |
| 2 | **vary** |  | the lighting between successive photographs |  |  |  |  |  | nom variation «event intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fixed tripod and small movements

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:e4:o3:1
# text = A fixed tripod and small movements
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	tripod	tripod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	movements	movement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The enlargement of each movement of the figures between photographs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:e4:o4:1
# text = The enlargement of each movement of the figures between photographs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	enlargement	enlargement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	figures	figure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	photographs	photograph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enlarge** |  |  | each movement of the figures between photographs |  |  |  |  | nom enlargement «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **move** |  |  | the figures between photographs |  |  |  |  | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, com…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/e3/)
- next →: [Voices, sound and music in films and c…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/24-voices-sound-and-music-in-films-and-cartoons/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/)