---
title: How is a flipbook like a film? — Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, com… · tree and pragmatics
description: How is a flipbook like a film? Test 10 of lesson 23 «Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 10 · Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How is a flipbook like a film?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** flipbook · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 23 «Animation: flipbooks, stop-motion, computer cartoons» of the arts course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:t10:1
# text = How is a flipbook like a film?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	flipbook	flipbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a flipbook like a film |  |  |  |  | how *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both need electricity to work

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:t10:o1:1
# text = Both need electricity to work
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Both | electricity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | electricity *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both show still pictures fast to look like movement

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:t10:o2:1
# text = Both show still pictures fast to look like movement
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Both | pictures |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent picture=Recipient |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | Both *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like movement | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both are made of plasticine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:t10:o3:1
# text = Both are made of plasticine
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	plasticine	plasticine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Both |  |  |  | of plasticine | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both show one picture only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:23-animation-flipbooks-stop-motion-computer-cartoons:t10:o4:1
# text = Both show one picture only
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Both | one picture |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent picture=Recipient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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