---
title: Ascertain the procedure by which filmed combat is rendered convincin… — Special effects and stunts · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the procedure by which filmed combat is rendered convincing without injury. Exam question 4 of lesson 25 «Special effects and stunts» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Special effects and stunts

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the procedure by which filmed combat is rendered convincing without injury.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, film, render, convince · **To what, where:** procedure, filmed combat

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This is exam question 4 of lesson 25 «Special effects and stunts» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/25-special-effects-and-stunts/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:25-special-effects-and-stunts:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the procedure by which filmed combat is rendered convincing without injury.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	procedure	procedure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	filmed	film	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	_
10	convincing	convince	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the procedure |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent procedure=Topic |
| 2 | **film** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **render** | present · passive |  | filmed combat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **convince** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | without injury | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Performers wear concealed armour and strike with full force

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:25-special-effects-and-stunts:e4:o1:1
# text = Performers wear concealed armour and strike with full force
1	Performers	performer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	strike	strike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Performers | concealed armour and strike |  |  |  | with full force | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armour=Source |
| 2 | **conceal** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Performers strike one another with reduced force

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:25-special-effects-and-stunts:e4:o2:1
# text = Performers strike one another with reduced force
1	Performers	performer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	strike	strike	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	fixed	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | present | Performers | one |  |  |  | with reduced force | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent one=Patient with force=Instrument |
| 2 | **reduce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Blows are directed to miss, with angle, sound and reaction conveying contact

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:25-special-effects-and-stunts:e4:o3:1
# text = Blows are directed to miss, with angle, sound and reaction conveying contact
1	Blows	blow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	directed	direct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	miss	miss	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	conveying	convey	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
14	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **direct** | present · passive |  | Blows |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **miss** | to-infinitive |  | angle and sound and reaction |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer angle=Stimulus |
| 3 | **convey** | gerund | angle and sound and reaction *not said here* | contact |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent contact=Topic |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All combat is generated subsequently by computer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:25-special-effects-and-stunts:e4:o4:1
# text = All combat is generated subsequently by computer
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	generated	generate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **generate** | present · passive | computer | all combat |  |  |  | subsequently *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Special effects and stunts, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/25-special-effects-and-stunts/e3/)
- next →: [Age ratings, scary films and choosing…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/26-age-ratings-scary-films-and-choosing-what-to-watch/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Special effects and stunts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/25-special-effects-and-stunts/)