---
title: Identify the principal cause of the high-pitched sound denominated "… — Starting a band · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal cause of the high-pitched sound denominated "feedback" in amplified performance. Exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Starting a band» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Starting a band

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal cause of the high-pitched sound denominated "feedback" in amplified performance.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, pitched sound · **What happens:** identify, pitch, denominate, amplify, cause · **To what, where:** principal cause, feedback, amplified performance, pitched sound

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Starting a band» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/4-starting-a-band/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:4-starting-a-band:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal cause of the high-pitched sound denominated "feedback" in amplified performance.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	pitched	pitch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
11	denominated	denominate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	feedback	feedback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	amplified	amplify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	performance	performance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal cause of the pitched sound |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
| 2 | **pitch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **denominate** | participle | the pitched sound *not said here* | feedback |  | amplified performance |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **amplify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **cause** |  |  | the pitched sound |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ingress of moisture into the electrical cables

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:4-starting-a-band:e1:o1:1
# text = The ingress of moisture into the electrical cables
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ingress	ingress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	moisture	moisture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	electrical	electrical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cables	cable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The structural failure of the loudspeaker apparatus owing to excessive volume

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:4-starting-a-band:e1:o2:1
# text = The structural failure of the loudspeaker apparatus owing to excessive volume
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	structural	structural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	failure	failure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	loudspeaker	loudspeaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	apparatus	apparatus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **owe** | gerund | the structural failure of the loudspeaker apparatus *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to excessive volume *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to volume=Goal |
| 2 | **fail** |  | the loudspeaker apparatus |  |  |  |  |  | nom failure «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The production of an exceptionally high note by the vocalist

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:4-starting-a-band:e1:o3:1
# text = The production of an exceptionally high note by the vocalist
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	production	production	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	exceptionally	exceptionally	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	vocalist	vocalist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** |  | the vocalist | a high note |  |  |  |  | nom production «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The recurrent capture by a microphone of sound emitted by a loudspeaker

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:4-starting-a-band:e1:o4:1
# text = The recurrent capture by a microphone of sound emitted by a loudspeaker
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	recurrent	recurrent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	capture	capture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	microphone	microphone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	emitted	emit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	loudspeaker	loudspeaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emit** | participle |  | the recurrent capture by a microphone of sound *not said here* |  |  |  | by a loudspeaker | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |
| 2 | **capture** |  | a microphone of sound |  |  |  |  |  | nom capture «act transitive»: by=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Starting a band, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/arts/4-starting-a-band/t11/)
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