---
title: Identify the principal meaning of the instruction to sing "from the… — Singing, choirs and talent shows · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal meaning of the instruction to sing "from the diaphragm". Exam question 1 of lesson 8 «Singing, choirs and talent shows» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Singing, choirs and talent shows

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal meaning of the instruction to sing "from the diaphragm".

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, sing, mean · **To what, where:** principal meaning, diaphragm, instruction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 8 «Singing, choirs and talent shows» of the arts course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/arts/8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal meaning of the instruction to sing "from the diaphragm".
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	diaphragm	diaphragm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal meaning of the instruction |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent meaning=Theme |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the diaphragm |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location diaphragm=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** |  |  | the instruction |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The suspension of respiration during performance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e1:o1:1
# text = The suspension of respiration during performance
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	suspension	suspension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	performance	performance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The restriction of the voice to its lowest register

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e1:o2:1
# text = The restriction of the voice to its lowest register
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	restriction	restriction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	register	register	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **restrict** |  |  | the voice |  |  |  | to voice's lowest register | nom restriction «cognition transitive»: of=patient to=obl |
| 2 | **register** |  | voice |  |  |  |  |  | nom register «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The production of the maximum possible volume

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e1:o3:1
# text = The production of the maximum possible volume
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	production	production	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	maximum	maximum	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** |  |  | the maximum possible volume |  |  |  |  | nom production «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The employment of steady and controlled breath support

```conllu
# sent_id = question:arts:8-singing-choirs-and-talent-shows:e1:o4:1
# text = The employment of steady and controlled breath support
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	employment	employment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	controlled	controlled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** |  |  | steady breath support |  |  |  |  | nom employment «state transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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